Introducing research theme 2: Intelligent resource development technologies for Critical Raw Materials
The first research and development theme in the More than a Mine programme is developing new approaches to investigating critical raw materials in support of decision-making in mining operations.
Mikko Numminen, Sokli’s Chief Geologist and the theme lead, explains why high-quality sampling, advanced analytics and novel modelling methods are essential to understanding Sokli’s exceptional deposit.
The approximately 365-million-year-old Sokli carbonatite deposit in Finnish Lapland is unique on a global scale. In addition to phosphate and iron, it contains, among other things, rare earth metals, manganese, vermiculite and niobium. The potential of these minerals for use in applications such as the battery industry is now being examined. The deposit is particularly interesting, but also challenging, because of the laterite, in other words, the weathered part of the bedrock.
Mikko explains that when the bedrock was weathering, the area was located near the equator. The long process enriched the elements but also disrupted the structure of the deposit. Geologists must now determine exactly what lies underground and how the mineral resources can be assessed reliably.
A high-quality sample is the foundation of everything
One of the greatest challenges posed by a deposit located in weathered, soft ground is obtaining a representative sample that is disturbed and contaminated as little as possible. Diamond drilling in hard rock usually produces an intact sample, but conditions at Sokli require different solutions.
The theme led by Mikko Numminen is exploring new applications for existing sonic and RC (Reverse circulation´) drilling methods. Sonic drilling is used elsewhere in Europe for purposes such as ground investigations, while RC drilling is normally used for hard rock. The Sokli project aims to adapt these methods for drilling softer material and obtaining samples with as little contamination as possible.
In addition to the technology, practical conditions must be addressed: the drilling equipment must be able to operate in Finnish forests and difficult terrain. The soft layer can be tens of metres thick, so drilling continues through it until the bedrock is reached.
Faster analytics and more accurate 3D modelling
After sampling, the contents of the sample must be determined efficiently. Laboratory analysis has so far been challenging, so analytical methods are also being developed within this research theme.
A high-quality sample and reliable analytics provide the basis for modelling the deposit. The geological continuity of the Sokli deposit differs from that of conventional deposits, which means that traditional modelling methods alone are insufficient. The aim is to create the most accurate possible three-dimensional representation of the deposit to support decision making.
New solutions are being sought through approaches including classification and artificial intelligence. New partners and fresh perspectives are also needed to develop the modelling.
Development work with project partners
Sokli is primarily responsible for geological modelling, while analytics and method development are carried out in collaboration with other organisations. Partners include e.g. Taratest, which is developing the sonic method, Arctic Drilling Company brings expertise on RC sampling and laboratory analysis is provided by CRS Laboratories.
The development of sampling and analytical methods is already well under way. The next step is to strengthen the collaborative network, particularly regarding modelling. Solutions and experience are also being sought internationally. Comparable geological formations can be found in countries including Australia and Brazil. Although local conditions differ from those in Finland, studying these formations may provide valuable insights into material behaviour and mining.
Research data guides future decisions
Work within the theme is progressing to a demanding timetable. Data from the drilling programme is needed for the next phase, and the modelling is scheduled for completion in early 2028. The results will make it possible to assess the deposit’s potential for utilisation and inform decisions on future operations.
Accurate information about the raw material benefits the entire value chain. It supports geological planning and mining, while also being essential for optimising the mineral processing process. In addition to elemental and mineral concentrations, the material’s other characteristics and behaviour must be understood.
This More than a Mine’s theme brings together geological expertise, new technology and a partner network. Its aim is to develop methods that will enable Sokli’s unique deposit to be investigated more reliably and future decisions to be based on high-quality data.
Contact us for more information
More than a Mine is built on partnership. If you want to partner in developing cutting-edge technologies and securing Europe’s raw material future, contact us.
Teo Lehto
Development Manager, More than a Mine project
teo.lehto@mineralsgroup.fi
+358 40 578 8184
Jani Adolfsson-Tallqvist
Business Development Manager
jani.adolfsson@mineralsgroup.fi
+358 40 821 7156
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